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<h2>thebibliography</h2>





<pre>

 \begin{thebibliography}{widest-label}

 <a href="ltx-205.html">\bibitem</a>[label]{cite_key}

 literature citation ...

 ....

 \end{thebibliography}

</pre>


<p>The <tt>thebibliography</tt> environment produces a

    bibliography or reference list. In the article style,

    this reference list is labeled "References"; in the

    report style, it is labeled "Bibliography".</p>


<p><tt>widest-label</tt> is text that, when printed, is

    approximately as wide as the widest item label produced

    by the <tt>\bibitem</tt> command.</p>


<p>The <tt>thebibliography</tt> environment is similar to the

    <tt><a href="ltx-222.html">enumerate</a></tt> environment, except that

    items are associated with a <tt><a href="ltx-205.html">\bibitem</a></tt>

    command and can be cross-referenced with the

    <tt><a href="ltx-211.html">\cite</a></tt> command.</p>


<h3>An example</h3>


<p>In the text you generate a reference to the bibliographic

    list as follows:</p>



<pre>

    ... In the running text you might want to refer to 

    Dow &amp; Jones\cite{DandJ} and then again you 

    might not ...

</pre>


<p>The <tt><a href="ltx-211.html">\cite</a></tt>

    command will produce a sequence number by default,

    or the text from the optional <tt>label</tt> argument of

    <tt><a href="ltx-205.html">\bibcite</a></tt>; this latter is useful

    if the style is to use, for example, the first three letters of

    the author's last name and a year, as in Dow29. </p>


<p> he associated item in the bibliography section at the end of the

    article would be generated by</p>



<pre>

    \begin{thebibliography}{99}

    ....

    \bibitem{DandJ} Dow, W. \& Jones, E.A.,

     {<a href="ltx-249.html">\it</a> Wall Street Journal},

     March 29, 1929.

    ....

    \end{thebibliography}

</pre>


<p>Note that the <tt>widest-label</tt> parameter has been set

    assuming less than 100 numbered items in the bibliography. Also

    note that the key, <tt>DandJ</tt>, is what connects the

    <tt><a href="ltx-211.html">\cite</a></tt> and

    <tt><a href="ltx-205.html">\bibitem</a></tt>.</p>


<p>If <tt>label</tt> is omitted, the numbers are generated sequentially by

    the <tt><a href="ltx-205.html">\bibitem</a></tt> commands. Many journals

    want these in order of appearance in the text, so you have to sort this

    list to the proper order.</p>


<h3>See also</h3>

<ul>

    <li><tt><a href="ltx-205.html">\bibitem</a></tt></li>

    <li><tt><a href="ltx-211.html">\cite</a></tt></li>

    <li><tt><a href="ltx-279.html">\nocite</a></tt></li>

    <li><a href="ltx-222.html">Enumerate</a> environment</li>

</ul>


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